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(No Model.) i H. F. SMITH. GAS GENBRATING BURNER FOR LAMPS.. A N0. 541,508. PatntSdJllne. 25, 1895.

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H. F. SMITH. GAS GENERATING BURNER POR LAMPS.

No. 541,508. Patented June 25, 1895` FIG. 4.

VL/A ""4" UNITED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.`

THIRDS TIO WILLIAM F. MCCULLY PLACE.

AND GEORGE MCGOWAN, OF SAME GAS--GENEVRATING BURNER FOR LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,508, dated June 25, 1895.

Application filed November 21, 1893. Serial No. 491,569. (No model.)

To all wher/I. t may concern:

Be it known that I, HARPER F. SMITH, a

citizen of the United States, residing in Phila-v being formed at a distance more orless remote from the end of the Wick tube, one of the advantages of the improved burner being that a larger and more brilliant dame can be produced than when said illuminatingiame is formed directlyvat the end of the wick.

With this object in view, my invention comprises a burner having two points of ignition, one at the wick and the other some distance above the same, as well as numerous details of construction having for their objects the proper support ot the burner hood,

provision for the protection of the primary flame while insuring the proper supply of air thereto, and the feeding of a proper supply of air to the secondary or illuminating flame. i

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I is a longitudinal section of a lamp-fount with burner constructed in accordance with my invention. the same on the line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view on the line 3 3, Fig. I; and Figs. 4: to 7, inclusive, are views illustrating various modified forms of burnerin which the essential features of my invention are embodied.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 A represents the fount or reservoir of a lamp which, inthis case,

supports an internal fount A carrying thel wick tube'B of the burner and serving as the chamber for thev wick B which may be an ordinary textile Wick intended to be raised and lowered to regulate the size of the llame or to compensate for the gradual'combustion ot' the Wick, although the wick which I prefer to use is one of asbestos fiber which will Fig. 2 is a transverse section ofnot be consumed by the heat and which therefore does not require adjustment after having once been set to produce the volume ot' flame required.

The supplementary fount A is separated from the fonnt A by an annular space A2, crossed at the bottom by short pipes A3, which serve to convey the oil from the fount A to the fount A and thus supply the wick, the annular chamber A2 serving as a passage for air which enters the base of the lamp through openings a formed therein, as shown in Figs. l and 2. Any ordinary form of fount may, however, be employed.

Suitably mounted above the Wick tube of the burner is a hood D which extends upward some distance fromthe wick tube and receives at its lower end the primary flame from the wick and conducts the same to the top of they hood at which point it is ignited to form the secondary or illuminating flame.

The hood D is flared outwardly from its lower end to its upper end in a longitudinal direction, but is` contracted from the lower end to the upper end in alateral direction, so that the volume of the primary flame received from the wick is spread out in order that the secondary or illuminating dame will be'considerably Wider than the wick, the hood also providing means for mixing air with the primary dame and for highly heating the mixllame is increased both in volume and brilliancy as compared with a tiame produced directly atthe end of the wick, as usual.

The hood D has at the lower end an outwardly tlared shield or guard D which serves not only to protect the primary flame from sudden drafts, but also to direct air inward toward the top of the wick and thus support combustion, the primary ame and the air 'mixed therewith rising through the hood', and, if desired, receiving a second supply of air before it issues from the upper end of the hood.V j

In the form ot' burner shown in Figs. l and 2 the hood D has an expanded portion D2 some distance below its upper end so as to form an expansion chamber, this expanded ros portion of the hood being perforated to permit of an inflow of air.

yture so that the secondary or illuminating Surrounding the hood D is an outer hood F substantially conforming inshape with said hood D and serving to form, around the latter, an air passage b, the air rising through this passage becoming hightly heated by contact with the hood D before entering the latter, or coming into contact with the secondary flame at the upper end of the hood and 4in order to prevent any loss of this heat by radiation, the outer hood F is preferably pro vided with a non-conducting covering F of any appropriate character. When the outer hood F is not used a likenon-conducting covering may be applied to the hood D.

The hood F extends above the hood D, and also beyond the ends of the same, so as to shield the supplementary flameat the point where the latter issues from the top of said hood D, thus lessening the risk of extinguishment of the flame by sudden or strong draft.

For the purpose of still further protecting the illuminating fiame I locate within the hood D a longitudinal partition d anda transverse partition e which by preference extend slightly above the top -of the hood, and serve to divide the chamber within said hood into four parts, so that the illuminating flame is composed of four independent sections. Hence in order to extinguish the tiame it is necessary to blow out all four sections of the flame simultaneously, the maintenance of any one section serving tore-ignite the other seetions on the cessation ofthe blast.

As shown in Figs. l and 2, the outer hood F is provided at each end with a supporting rod F2 adapted to a socket F3 on the lamp fount, and the hood D is supported within the hood F so that the duplex hood structure can be readily removed when it is desired to gain access to the wick, and as readily replaced. Other means of' supporting thelhood structure may however be adopted. For instance in Fig. 4 I have shown a hood D3 provided with depending wings f, intended to embrace the opposite ends of the wick tube B and thus support the hood thereon, the shields which in this case are represented at D4 being discontinued at the ends of the hood so as to provide for access to the wick from said ends, although if desired the shields may extend around the ends of the hood and access may be gained to the wick from beneath said shields, or by lifting or removing the hood for the purpose.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5 the outer hood F4 is extended downward so as to form a shield for the primary dame, and theair passesinto the-inner hood D9directly through openings t' formed in said hood below the top of the outer vhood F4.

In applying my invention to lamps using gasoline or like highly volatileand in fiammable oils its is preferable to extend the wick tube B down close to thebottom ofthe fount as shown in Fig. 6, the lower portion of the wick tube being providedwith notches or perforations m so that the. Wick is almost entirely inclosed, the oil gaining access thereto only at the lower end throughout the limited area afforded by these notches or perforations.

In Fig. '7 I have illustrated the application of my invention to an annular burner, the hood D10 in this case being likewise annular and flared outward from bottom to top. In

order to protect the dame issuing from the top of the hood, I have combined with said hood an external deflector J and an internal defiector K, the external deector being in the form of a curved plate secured to the outside of the hood and projecting upwardly and outwardly beyondthe same, While the internal deflector is in the form of a tube dared outwardly at the top and extending some distance above the top of the hood. The external deiiector prevents the access of a blast of air to the base of the flame issuing from the hood whilethe internal deflector prevents the blowing of air directly across the the top of the hood, and it may also be plated or burnished so as to serve as a reflector.

My invention is distinct from that class of burners which have a wick tube or combustion chamber extending some distance above the top of the wick, for in my burner there aar-e two independent points of ignition, the

rst being at the surface of the wick, andthe second abovethe top of the hood. rlhe primary flame is simply due to the volatilization and ignition of the oil at the top of the Wick, and is not a bright or illuminating flame, but

as said primary flame rises through the hood it is mixed with air in such quantityand subjected to heat of such a degree that it is converted into a gas, which, on issuing from the enlarged .upper end of the hood, forms a secondary or. illuminating flame which is not only large, but of great brilliancy.

AlthoughI prefer to form the inner hood in the manner shown in Fig. l, that is to say, `with a gradual outward flare in its upper portion, the increase in longitudinal dimensions of the hood may be effected by one or more abrupt changes or steps as shown for instance by dotted lines.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination in a lamp burner, of a wick tube and a hood mounted above the same and open at top and bottom, whereby a primary flame is formed at the surface of the wick, said ame rising with a supply of air through the hood so as to form a supplementary or illuminating flame at the top of the latter, the wick being accessible through the open bottom of the hood without removing the latter substantially as specified.

' 2. The combination in a lamp burner, of a wick tube with a hood mounted above the same and open at topiand bottom so as to form a primary'lame at the wick,and an illuminating name at the top ofthe hood, the lower portion of the hood forming a shield or guard IOC rio.

'IIS

for the primary ame but permitting ready access thereto without removing the hood, substantially as specified.

3. The combination in a lamp burner, of the wick tube, with a hood mounted above the same and open at top and bottom so as to form a primary flame at the wick and an illuminating flame at the top of the hood, said hood having perforations immediately below the topv for permitting the entrance of air into the hood, substantially as specified.

4. The combination in a lamp burner, ofthe wick tube with a hood mounted above the same and open at top and bottom so as to form a primary fiame at the Wick, and an illuminating dame at the top of thel hood, said hood having, immediately below the top, an expanded portion perforated for the inlet of air, substantially as specified.

5. The combination in a lamp burner, of a wick tube, with a hood mounted above the Wick tube land open at top and bottom so as to form a primary flame at the wick and an illuminating flame at the top of the hood, said hood having a longitudinal partition for dividing the volume of gas therein, substantially as specified.

6. The combination in a lamp burner, of a Wick tube, with a hood mounted above the wick tube and open at top and bottom so as to form a primary flame at the wick and an illuminating flame at the top of the hood,said hood having a transverse partition for dividing the volume of gas therein, substantially as specified.

7. The combination in a'lamp burner, of the Wick tube, with a hood mounted above the Wick tube and open at top and bottom so as to form a primary ame at the wick and an illuminating ame at the top of the hood, said hood having longitudinal and transverse partitions for dividing the volume of gas therein, substantially as specified.

8. The combination in a lamp burner, of a wick tube, with a hood mounted above the wick tube and open at top and bottom so as to form a primary dame at the wick and an illuminating flame at the top of the hood, said hood having a partition extending above the top of the hood, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

HARPER E. SMITH.

Witnesses:

FRANK E. BEoHToLD, JOSEPH H. KLEIN. 

